Economic Indicators and the Business Cycle
Who are the main economic actors in the circular flow model?
Local and national governments
Households and businesses
Banks and investors
Foreign countries and trade organizations
What measure is commonly used by economists to assess income inequality within an economy?
Unemployment rate
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gini coefficient
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
In terms of Purchasing Power Parity Theory, what should happen to the exchange rate between two countries' currencies over time if one country has higher inflation than another?
The currency of the country with higher inflation should depreciate.
Both currencies should appreciate equally against each other.
Both currencies should remain unchanged relative to each other.
The currency of the country with lower inflation should depreciate.
Which of the following is an example of a leading economic indicator?
Stock market index
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Consumer price index (CPI)
Unemployment rate
If a country implements a policy aimed at reducing trade imbalance over the medium term, what effect is likely to be seen?
Delayed worsening of the financial accounts as domestic companies require less foreign capital for expansion.
Purposeful weakening of the capital account as local businesses find it more expensive to obtain necessary funding abroad due to protectionist measures.
Indirect enhancement of both current accounts as strategic alliances form between home and abroad economies, strengthening overall balances.
Immediate improvement in the current account due to lower import volumes after tariff implementation.
Which of the following is an example of an injection in the circular flow model?
Government spending
Taxes
Imports
Savings
Which of the following is an example of a leakage in the circular flow model?
Government spending
Investment
Exports
Taxes

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What type of market structure is characterized by few large producers, significant barriers to entry, and potential for collusion?
Oligopoly
Monopoly
Monopolistic competition
Perfect competition
Which of the following is an example of a transfer payment?
Social security benefits
Corporate profits
Interest income
Export revenue
Which economic indicator would most likely increase if a country's production of goods and services rises?
Inflation Rate
Real GDP
Balance of Trade Deficit
Unemployment Rate