Economic Indicators and the Business Cycle
Who are the main economic actors in the circular flow model?
Local and national governments
Households and businesses
Banks and investors
Foreign countries and trade organizations
If a country implements a policy aimed at reducing trade imbalance over the medium term, what effect is likely to be seen?
Delayed worsening of the financial accounts as domestic companies require less foreign capital for expansion.
Purposeful weakening of the capital account as local businesses find it more expensive to obtain necessary funding abroad due to protectionist measures.
Indirect enhancement of both current accounts as strategic alliances form between home and abroad economies, strengthening overall balances.
Immediate improvement in the current account due to lower import volumes after tariff implementation.
What measure is commonly used by economists to assess income inequality within an economy?
Unemployment rate
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gini coefficient
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
How might government intervention in producing education be justified from an economic standpoint?
To ensure that education becomes rivalrous and excludable.
To convert education into a private good for profit maximization.
To address under-provision due to positive externalities.
To reduce consumer surplus within education markets.
In terms of Purchasing Power Parity Theory, what should happen to the exchange rate between two countries' currencies over time if one country has higher inflation than another?
The currency of the country with higher inflation should depreciate.
Both currencies should appreciate equally against each other.
Both currencies should remain unchanged relative to each other.
The currency of the country with lower inflation should depreciate.
Which of the following is an example of a leading economic indicator?
Stock market index
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Consumer price index (CPI)
Unemployment rate
Which of the following is an example of an injection in the circular flow model?
Government spending
Taxes
Imports
Savings

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Which economic indicator would most likely increase if a country's production of goods and services rises?
Inflation Rate
Real GDP
Balance of Trade Deficit
Unemployment Rate
Which of the following is an example of a leakage in the circular flow model?
Government spending
Investment
Exports
Taxes
Which scenario best illustrates government action aimed at correcting for positive externalities?
Installing traffic lights at busy intersections
Subsidizing university research programs
Granting monopolies through patents
Implementing price controls on essential medications