Economic Indicators and the Business Cycle
What does the GDP deflator compare to measure the effects of inflation?
Nominal and real GDP
Current and constant prices
Inflation rates and interest rates
Unemployment and inflation
Which indicator would an economist use to compare the standard living among different countries?
Per capita real GDP
Budget deficit amount
Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Total population size
When comparing two years' gross domestic products to measure economic growth accurately, which version should be used to neutralize the effect of inflation?
Real GDP from both years valued at base year prices
Both years' consumer price indices (CPI)
Nominal per capita GDP from both years
Nominal GDP from both years valued at current prices
Which term is used to describe the index that "deflates" nominal GDP to account for high prices?
Inflationary measure
GDP deflator
Price adjustment factor
Inflation index
Which measure of GDP accounts for changes in the purchasing power of money?
Nominal GDP
Inflation-adjusted GDP
Base year GDP
Real GDP
When calculating real GDP, which variable is held constant from year to year?
Investment levels remain steady regardless of business cycle fluctuations.
Price levels from a base year are held constant when measuring real output over time.
Quantity of goods produced remains constant while only prices vary annually.
Government expenditure is fixed at initial levels irrespective of fiscal policy changes.
When comparing two years' worth of economic output data to assess real growth, economists should use which type of GDP?
Real GDP
Financial GDP
Inflation Rate
Aggregate Demand

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A decrease in which measure would typically signal an upcoming recession when considering business cycle fluctuations?
Nominal GDP
Wrong answer here
Wrong answer here
Correct answer here
Given the US Economy experiences higher than expected inflation this year, what would you expect nominal GDP to show compared to the previous year?
A decrease because real output may drop due to negative effects of inflation.
An increase due to higher overall price levels.
No change if the growth in prices is matched exactly by increased productivity.
A decrease due to the velocity of money remaining constant, causing less spending.
How might contractionary monetary policy influence nominal interest rates and investment when an economy is experiencing rapid economic growth?
Nominal interest rates fall, incentivizing increased levels of investment.
Nominal interest rates will likely rise, leading to reduced investment levels.
Both nominal interest rates and investment levels will stay constant despite policy changes.
Investment levels will likely rise as nominal interest rates decrease slightly.