National Income and Price Determination
If investors expect that a country’s currency will strengthen in the future, what is likely to happen to that country’s financial account?
There will be no significant change if investors' expectations are not based on economic fundamentals.
The financial account will experience an inflow as investors buy assets denominated in that currency.
The capital and financial accounts together show surpluses offsetting deficits generated by speculation.
The financial account will have outflows because investors will sell off assets expecting them to lose value soon.
What does a recessionary gap represent in the economy?
A situation where the economy is producing beyond its production possibilities frontier
A situation where the economy is producing at its full employment level
A situation where the economy is producing above its full employment level
A situation where the economy is producing below its full employment level
Which scenario is consistent with the concept of the natural rate of unemployment occurring in the long run?
A business cycle recession caused by decreased consumer confidence.
Structural changes leading to a mismatch between job skills required and those available among workers.
A short-term spike in unemployment due to seasonal industries shutting down temporarily.
An unexpected temporary surge in inflation that reduces real wages temporarily.
What is the key factor that determines an economy's ability to self-adjust in the long run?
Changes in aggregate demand (AD) curve
Changes in long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve
Changes in short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve
Changes in the price level
Which term best describes a long-run situation in monopolistic competition where firms produce at levels less than minimum efficient scale?
Allocative efficiency
Excess capacity
Diseconomies of scale
Economic profit
What typically happens to the price level when aggregate demand increases and aggregate supply remains unchanged?
The price level remains unchanged.
The price level rises.
Aggregate demand decreases as well.
The price level falls.
Which factor remains constant when analyzing long-run macroeconomic equilibrium?
Aggregate demand growth rate
Short-term interest rates
Potential output
Government spending levels

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How does an unanticipated move toward more restrictive fiscal policy affect unemployment and inflation when an economy is initially at full employment?
Unemployment falls due to increased productivity while inflation rises marginally.
Both unemployment and inflation rise due to reduced consumer confidence.
Unemployment rises and inflation falls.
Both unemployment and inflation fall because of improved government finances.
In which structure does productive efficiency typically occur in the long run, due to firms producing at their minimum efficient scale?
Oligopoly
Perfect competition
Monopolistic competition
Monopoly
Which tool would a government most likely use during a recession?
Higher interest rates
Higher tax rates
Increased government spending
Reduction in money supply