National Income and Price Determination
Which scenario is consistent with the concept of the natural rate of unemployment occurring in the long run?
A business cycle recession caused by decreased consumer confidence.
Structural changes leading to a mismatch between job skills required and those available among workers.
A short-term spike in unemployment due to seasonal industries shutting down temporarily.
An unexpected temporary surge in inflation that reduces real wages temporarily.
Which tool would a government most likely use during a recession?
Higher interest rates
Higher tax rates
Increased government spending
Reduction in money supply
In the context of macroeconomics, what impact does technological advancement have on an economy in the long run?
It reduces overall employment due to automation replacing jobs.
It improves efficiency and leads to economic growth.
It causes hyperinflation due to increased production costs.
It increases short-term price instability within markets.
Which term best describes a long-run situation in monopolistic competition where firms produce at levels less than minimum efficient scale?
Allocative efficiency
Excess capacity
Diseconomies of scale
Economic profit
In which structure does productive efficiency typically occur in the long run, due to firms producing at their minimum efficient scale?
Oligopoly
Perfect competition
Monopolistic competition
Monopoly
What is the primary goal of expansionary fiscal policy?
To balance the government budget
To constrain inflation rates
To increase aggregate demand
To decrease aggregate supply
What is likely to happen to net exports when a country experiences currency depreciation?
The value of net exports may skyrocket due to speculative financial movements rather than actual changes in trade volume.
Net exports are likely to decrease because domestic goods become too expensive for foreign buyers.
Net exports remain unchanged since currency values do not impact international demand for goods.
Net exports are likely to increase as domestic goods become cheaper for foreign buyers.

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What does a recessionary gap represent in the economy?
A situation where the economy is producing beyond its production possibilities frontier
A situation where the economy is producing at its full employment level
A situation where the economy is producing above its full employment level
A situation where the economy is producing below its full employment level
What does the gap between Q2 and Yf represent in the context of a recessionary gap?
The surplus of real GDP above the production possibilities frontier
The deficit of real GDP from the production possibilities frontier
The excess of real GDP above full employment level
The shortfall of real GDP from full employment level
If investors expect that a country’s currency will strengthen in the future, what is likely to happen to that country’s financial account?
There will be no significant change if investors' expectations are not based on economic fundamentals.
The financial account will experience an inflow as investors buy assets denominated in that currency.
The capital and financial accounts together show surpluses offsetting deficits generated by speculation.
The financial account will have outflows because investors will sell off assets expecting them to lose value soon.
