Basic Economic Concepts
If a perfectly competitive firm is operating at a point inside its production possibility curve due to underutilized resources, which of the following outcomes is the firm most likely to pursue in the short run?
Decrease output to minimize costs and avoid moving toward the PPC.
Shift resources towards less efficient production to further deviate from the PPC.
Maintain current levels of underutilization as it reflects profit maximization.
Increase resource utilization to move toward an optimal point on the PPC.
What type of market has few large producers who may collude to set prices or outputs?
Oligopoly
Perfect competition
Monopolistic competition
Monopoly
What term describes a situation where an increase in income leads to a less than proportional increase in the demand for normal goods?
Income elasticity of demand equals zero (perfectly inelastic).
Income elasticity of demand is greater than one (elastic).
Income elasticity of demand equals one (unitary).
Income elasticity of demand is less than one (inelastic).
In which market structure would you expect consumer welfare to be highest due to competitive pricing and variety of choice?
Monopolistic Competition
Perfect Competition
Monopoly
Oligopoly
How does the introduction of an effective price floor above equilibrium price influence a monopoly's position relative to its production possibilities curve?
Enable movement towards full employment along the curve by providing stable pricing signals.
No change since monopolies are price makers and set prices above equilibrium anyway.
Result in inefficiency with potential surplus if output exceeds consumer demand at that price floor.
Shift inward due to reduced allocative efficiency imposed by external pricing constraints.
What would happen if government subsidies were removed from university tuition fees?
Demand increases - It shifts outwards.
Supply shifts leftwards; universities reduce offerings.
Supply increases - Universities expand offerings.
Demand decreases – It shifts leftwards.
If a new technology lowers the cost of producing smartphones, how will this affect the smartphone supply curve?
The demand curve for smartphones will shift to the right.
The supply curve will shift to the left.
There will be movement along the supply curve.
The supply curve will shift to the right.

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How would total revenue change if a firm with monopoly power selling an inelastic product decides to decrease its prices?
There's no predictable effect on total revenue as other factors could influence consumer response to price changes.
Total revenue will increase because more units will be sold at the lower price despite inelasticity.
Total revenue remains unchanged as decreased prices are offset by proportionally increased sales volume.
Total revenue will decrease because the percentage drop in price outweighs the percentage increase in quantity sold due to inelasticity.
What market structure is characterized by a large number of small firms, identical products, and easy entry and exit from the market?
Perfect competition
Oligopoly
Monopolistic competition
Monopoly
How might government subsidies for renewable energy impact energy markets?
Subsidies have no influence on consumer choices related to energy sources.
Reduced use of non-renewable resources like coal due to lower renewable energy costs.
Immediate halt in the production of fossil fuels because of renewable energy dominance.
Significant increase in the total cost of energy as subsidies make production less efficient.