Imperfect Competition
In monopolistic competition, firms may engage in non-price competition because:
They lack market power
Consumer preferences are solely based on price
Product differentiation is possible
Price is the only differentiating factor
If the government imposes a lump-sum tax on firms in a monopolistically competitive market, how might this affect the long-run equilibrium number of firms?
It will remain unchanged as the tax does not impact marginal cost or demand.
It may decrease because firms' average total costs increase.
It may increase as firms expand production to dilute the fixed tax burden.
It may increase due to increased barriers to entry.
Which of the following best describes the demand curve facing a monopolistically competitive firm in the short run?
Perfectly elastic
Downward-sloping
Perfectly inelastic
Horizontal
If the government imposes a price ceiling below the equilibrium price in a monopolistically competitive market, what is a likely outcome?
Firms will experience an increase in economies of scale.
The product quality will necessarily improve.
There will be an increase in long-run economic profits for firms.
There will be a shortage of the product.
How does the introduction of differentiated products in a monopolistically competitive market typically affect consumer surplus compared to a perfectly competitive market?
Consumer surplus remains unchanged as the number of firms in the market is large.
Consumer surplus may increase due to greater variety and perceived benefit from differentiation.
Consumer surplus increases only if all firms collude to set prices above competitive levels.
Consumer surplus always decreases because companies have more power over pricing.
If a clothing store decides to stock up on summer clothes instead of winter clothes for an upcoming sale, what is their opportunity cost?
Additional advertising costs associated with promoting summer attire.
Any changes in consumer preferences that occur after stocking up the inventory.
Potential profit from selling winter clothes during the sale period.
The direct financial savings from purchasing summer clothes in bulk.
What type of market structure is characterized by many firms selling similar but not identical products?
Monopoly
Monopolistic competition
Perfect competition
Oligopoly

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What would likely happen to the demand curve for a popular brand of smartphone if a new model with significantly improved features is released?
The demand curve would shift to the right.
The supply curve would shift to the left.
The demand curve would shift to the left.
The demand curve would remain unchanged.
When both positive externalities associated with knowledge spillovers from innovation and negative externalities from environmental pollution coexist within a monopolistically competitive industry, which governmental intervention most likely aligns social and private interests?
Banning entry of new entrants to protect existing actors and encourage innovation.
A combination of subsidizing research and development activities and implementing taxes on polluters.
Imposing maximum limits on the quantity produced by each firm to minimize environmental damages.
Taxation of innovative activity, reducing associated external benefits.
In monopolistic competition, firms can earn economic profits in the short run if:
Demand is perfectly elastic
Average total cost exceeds price
Price is set at the level of marginal cost
Barriers to entry prevent new firms from entering the market