All Flashcards
Describe the structure of a canon.
A melody is imitated by one or more voices at a set time interval.
How is a canon created?
A melody is played or sung and then layered on top of itself, displaced by time.
What is monophony?
A single melodic line with no harmony or accompaniment.
What is homophony?
One main melody with harmonic accompaniment.
What is polyphony?
Multiple independent melodic lines happening at the same time.
Define counterpoint.
A specific type of polyphony focusing on how independent melodic lines interact harmonically.
What is 'cantus firmus'?
A pre-existing melody used as the basis for a contrapuntal composition.
Define 'call and response'.
A musical texture where a soloist is answered by a group.
What is a canon?
A melody is played or sung and then layered on top of itself, displaced by time.
What is musical texture?
How many musical lines are happening at once and how they interact.
What is first species counterpoint?
The simplest form of counterpoint, using only whole notes.
What is second species counterpoint?
Two notes in the top line for every one in the cantus firmus.
What is third species counterpoint?
Four notes in the top line for every one in the cantus firmus.
What type of motion is preferred in counterpoint?
Contrary or oblique motion is preferred.
What intervals should be avoided in counterpoint?
Avoid intervals larger than a tenth and the tritone.
How should a skip be followed in counterpoint?
Follow a skip in one direction with a step in the opposite direction.
What is the rhythmic relationship in first species counterpoint?
One note in the counterpoint for every one in the cantus firmus.
What is the rhythmic relationship in second species counterpoint?
Two notes in the counterpoint for every one in the cantus firmus.
What is the rhythmic relationship in third species counterpoint?
Four notes in the counterpoint for every one in the cantus firmus.
How should perfect consonances be approached?
Approach perfect consonances using contrary or oblique motion.
How should beginnings and endings be treated in counterpoint?
Beginnings and endings must be perfect consonances (perfect octaves or fifths).
What should be done with the leading tone?
Raise the leading tone when approaching the tonic from below.
What should the line opposing the cantus firmus have?
The line opposing the cantus firmus should have a “high point” on a strong beat.