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What is the function of a I chord?
Tonic - the 'home' chord.
What is the function of a V chord?
Dominant - leads strongly to the tonic.
What is the function of a IV chord?
Predominant - usually comes before dominant chords.
In C major, what is the Roman numeral analysis for D minor?
ii
In A minor, what is the Roman numeral analysis for E major?
V
What harmonic function does vii° typically serve?
Dominant
What harmonic function does ii typically serve?
Predominant
What harmonic function does vi typically serve?
Tonic expansion
What harmonic function does iii typically serve?
Tonic expansion
Analyze: IV-V-I in C Major
Predominant-Dominant-Tonic
Analyze: ii-V-I in G Major
Predominant-Dominant-Tonic
Analyze: vi-IV-V-I in A minor
Tonic expansion-Predominant-Dominant-Tonic
What is the function of a I chord?
Tonic
What is the function of a V chord?
Dominant
What is the function of a IV chord?
Predominant
What is the function of a ii chord?
Predominant
What is the function of a vii° chord?
Dominant
In C major, what is the Roman numeral for the subdominant chord?
IV
In A minor, what is the Roman numeral for the dominant chord?
V
What is the function of V-vi in a major key?
Deceptive Cadence
In a minor key, what is the function of i-V-i?
Tonic-Dominant-Tonic progression
What harmonic function does a half cadence typically emphasize?
Dominant
What harmonic function does a plagal cadence typically emphasize?
Tonic
What is tonality?
Music centered around a tonic, creating a sense of resolution.
Define harmonic progression.
Predictable sequences of diatonic chords that give structure to music.
What is harmonic rhythm?
The pace at which harmonies change in a piece of music.
Define a cadence.
The harmonic progression at the end of a musical phrase.
What is a half cadence (HC)?
A cadence ending on a V chord, creating an unresolved feeling.
What is a deceptive cadence (DC)?
A cadence where the V chord moves to a non-tonic chord.
What is a plagal cadence (PC)?
A cadence where IV/iv moves to I/i, a strong resolution.
What is an authentic cadence (AC)?
A cadence where V/vii° moves to I/i.
Define Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC).
V and I are in root position, and the soprano ends on scale degree 1.
Define Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC).
Either the V or I chord is inverted, or the soprano ends on a non-tonic note.
What is a Picardy Third?
A V-I cadence in a minor key where the tonic chord is major.
What is a retrogression?
Movement in the opposite direction of a standard harmonic progression (e.g., tonic to dominant).
What is a tendency tone?
Scale degrees that want to resolve to another specific scale degree.
What is a leading tone?
Scale degree 7, having a strong pull to the tonic.