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What is a harmonic function?
The role a chord plays in a musical piece (Tonic, Dominant, Predominant).
Define Tonic (T) in music.
The 'home' chord, providing stability and resolution.
Define Dominant (D) in music.
A chord that creates tension and pulls towards the tonic.
Define Predominant (PD) in music.
A chord that creates a bridge between tonic and dominant, adding harmonic interest.
What is the subdominant chord?
IV in major, iv in minor; a perfect fifth below the tonic.
What is the supertonic chord?
ii in major, ii° in minor; a 'weaker' substitute for the IV chord.
Define voice leading.
The smooth connection of individual melodic lines in a chord progression.
What is contrary motion?
When two voices move in opposite directions.
What is a common tone?
A note that is shared between two chords.
What is a chordal seventh?
The interval of a seventh above the root of a chord.
What is the function of IV in a major key?
Predominant.
What is the function of iv in a minor key?
Predominant.
What is the function of ii in a major key?
Predominant.
What is the function of ii° in a minor key?
Predominant.
Analyze: I-IV-V-I in C major.
T-PD-D-T.
Analyze: i-iv-V-i in A minor.
T-PD-D-T.
What harmonic function typically precedes the Dominant?
Predominant.
In T-PD-D-T, what chords could fulfill the PD function in C major?
IV or ii.
In T-PD-D-T, what chords could fulfill the PD function in A minor?
iv or ii°.
What is the harmonic function of V/V?
Secondary Dominant, but can also function as a predominant chord leading to V.
What is the general rule for voice leading?
Smooth transitions between chords.
Why is contrary motion important?
To avoid parallel fifths and octaves.
What should you do with common tones between chords?
Keep them in the same voice.
How should the 7th of a V7 chord be treated?
It should be prepared by a common tone and resolve down by step.
What is the best way to avoid parallel fifths and octaves?
Use contrary motion between the bass and upper voices.
What is the role of the bass line in voice leading?
To provide a solid harmonic foundation and move in contrary motion to the upper voices.
What is the correct spacing of voices?
Keep adjacent upper voices within an octave, but the bass can be wider.
What is the difference between similar and parallel motion?
Similar motion is when two voices move in the same direction by different intervals, while parallel motion is when two voices move in the same direction by the same interval.
When is it acceptable to have direct fifths or octaves?
Only when approaching the interval from a stepwise motion in the soprano voice and a leap in the bass.
What is the correct way to resolve a leading tone?
The leading tone should resolve up by step to the tonic.