All Flashcards
What should you do with common tones when moving between chords?
Keep them in the same voice when possible.
Why is contrary motion important in voice leading?
To avoid parallel fifths and octaves.
What is the best way to avoid parallel fifths and octaves?
Use contrary motion with the bass line.
How should the chordal seventh of a V7 chord be approached?
It must be prepared by a common tone.
When moving from IV to V, what is a good voice leading practice?
Move the bass up a 5th and keep common tones.
When moving from iv to V in minor, what should you watch out for?
Augmented second between scale degrees 6 and 7.
In four-part writing, how should voices be spaced?
Avoid large leaps between alto, tenor, and soprano.
What is the most common error in voice leading?
Parallel fifths and octaves.
What is the best way to practice voice leading?
Write out chord progressions and analyze examples.
Why should you resolve the 7th of a V7 chord down?
To create a smooth resolution to the tonic.
What is a harmonic function?
The role a chord plays in a musical piece (Tonic, Dominant, Predominant).
Define Tonic (T) in music.
The 'home' chord, providing stability and resolution.
Define Dominant (D) in music.
A chord that creates tension and pulls towards the tonic.
Define Predominant (PD) in music.
A chord that creates a bridge between tonic and dominant, adding harmonic interest.
What is the subdominant chord?
IV in major, iv in minor; a perfect fifth below the tonic.
What is the supertonic chord?
ii in major, ii° in minor; a 'weaker' substitute for the IV chord.
Define voice leading.
The smooth connection of individual melodic lines in a chord progression.
What is contrary motion?
When two voices move in opposite directions.
What is a common tone?
A note that is shared between two chords.
What is a chordal seventh?
The interval of a seventh above the root of a chord.
What is the formula for a major IV chord?
1-3-5 of the major scale.
What is the formula for a minor iv chord?
1-♭3-5 of the minor scale.
What is the formula for a major ii chord?
1-3-5 of the major scale.
What is the formula for a minor ii° chord?
1-♭3-♭5 of the minor scale.
What notes make up a IV chord in C major?
F-A-C
What notes make up a iv chord in A minor?
D-F-A
What notes make up a ii chord in C major?
D-F-A
What notes make up a ii° chord in A minor?
B-D-F
What is a ii7 chord?
A supertonic chord with an added seventh.
What is the function of a ii7 chord in a major scale?
Often used as a predominant chord, leading to the dominant chord.