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What is motivic transformation?
Ways to vary a motive while maintaining its identity.
Name five types of motivic transformation.
Transposition, inversion, extension, truncation, fragmentation.
What does 'Monte' refer to in harmonic sequences?
An ascending harmonic sequence.
What does 'Fonte' refer to in harmonic sequences?
A descending harmonic sequence.
What does 'Ponte' refer to in harmonic sequences?
A harmonic sequence that is neither ascending nor descending.
What is a passing tone?
A non-chord tone connecting two chord tones by step.
What is a neighbor tone?
A non-chord tone that steps away from and returns to a chord tone.
Define anticipation tone.
A chord tone that arrives early, before the beat.
What is an escape tone?
A non-chord tone that steps away from a chord tone and then leaps away.
Define appoggiatura.
A grace note played before a chord tone, creating dissonance that resolves.
What is a pedal point?
A sustained note, usually in the bass, while harmonies change above it.
What is a suspension?
A chord tone held over from a previous chord, resolving downward by step.
Define retardation.
Similar to a suspension, but the resolution is upward by step.
What is a motive?
A short musical idea that is repeated or varied throughout a piece.
Define melodic sequence.
A musical idea that is repeated at different pitch levels.
What is a harmonic sequence?
A chord progression that is repeated at different pitch levels.
Define Linear Intervallic Pattern (LIP).
Pattern formed by the interval between outer voices in a harmonic sequence.
What should you avoid when writing non-chord tones in the bass?
Parallel motion with the soprano line; keep the soprano relatively stationary.
What is voice exchange?
When the bass and soprano lines swap notes.
How should escape tones resolve?
By leap in the opposite direction of the step.
What should you avoid when writing suspensions?
Dissonant intervals in adjacent voices; maintain proper spacing.