Pitch, Major Scales and Key Signatures, Rhythm, Meter, and Expressive Elements

In C Major, what scale degree occurs immediately below the mediant?

When constructing a harmonic minor scale ascending from A to A without repeating any pitches, which of these notes would not be altered from its natural occurrence in A major?

Which scale degree in C major typically precedes the dominant when creating a cadential progression?

When a melody composed in D major shifts to the dominant key, what is the new tonic note?

Is it possible for two notes with enharmonic spellings to occupy different scale degrees in two separate keys?

In constructing an advanced-level melody in F# major, which non-diatonic pitch could be used effectively as an upper neighbor tone that resolves by stepwise motion to create momentary tension before returning to the tonic?

If a piece modulates from G major to D major, what scale degree does the note G become in the new key?

What is the term for a non-harmonic tone in which an unstable note occurs on the downbeat and resolves to a stable one preceding it?

Which non-harmonic tone involves stepping away from and then returning to the original chord tone, usually on an unaccented beat?

If you were transposing music written in D minor up a perfect fourth into another minor key using accidentals instead of key signatures where would you need accidentals?