Energy possessed by an object due to its motion. Formula: $$KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$$

Stored energy that an object has due to its position or condition. Examples include gravitational and spring potential energy.

The sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system: $$ME = KE + PE$$

Forces that allow energy to be converted between kinetic and potential energy without loss (e.g., gravity, spring force).

The transfer of energy to or from a system by a force acting over a distance.

The work done on an object equals the change in its kinetic energy: $$W = \Delta KE$$

1. Define the system. 2. Identify energy types. 3. Account for work done on/by the system. 4. Apply conservation of energy: $ME_i + W = ME_f$

1. Identify initial and final states. 2. Determine energy forms at each state. 3. Account for any work done. 4. Set up and solve the conservation of energy equation.

The total mechanical energy of the system changes; energy is often lost as heat or sound.

The total mechanical energy of the system is conserved.

Friction does negative work, reducing the kinetic energy of the object and converting it to thermal energy.