Impulse: The change in momentum of an object ($\vec{J} = \Delta \vec{p}$), caused by a force acting over time. | Momentum: The product of an object's mass and velocity ($\vec{p} = m\vec{v}$), representing its inertia in motion.

Force-time graph: Area under the curve represents the impulse. | Momentum-time graph: Slope of the curve represents the net force.

Constant mass: $\vec{F}_{\text {net }} = m\vec{a}$ applies, where mass is constant. | Variable mass: $\vec{F}_{\mathrm{net}}=\frac{d \vec{p}}{d t}=\frac{d m}{d t} \vec{v}$ applies, considering the rate of mass change.

The object's momentum changes.

A large impulse is delivered to the object.

The object's momentum remains constant.

The impulse increases, leading to a greater change in momentum.

The impulse from the brakes changes the car's momentum, causing it to slow down.

The momentum of the system changes at a rate proportional to the net external force: $\vec{F}_{\text {net }}=\frac{d \vec{p}}{d t}$

A large impulse results in a large change in the object's momentum.

A large area under the force-time graph indicates a large impulse delivered to the object.

Applying a constant net force over time results in a uniform change in momentum.

The object experiences a change in momentum and exerts an equal and opposite impulse on the wall.