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What is the difference between force and torque?
Force: A linear push or pull. | Torque: A rotational force that causes objects to spin.
What is the difference between the lever arm and the distance from the axis of rotation to the point of force application?
Lever arm: The *perpendicular* distance. | Distance: The direct distance, which may not be perpendicular and thus not used directly in torque calculation.
What is torque?
The rotational equivalent of force; what causes objects to spin.
Define lever arm.
The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the point where the force is applied.
What is the position vector ($\vec{r}$) in the context of torque?
A vector pointing from the axis of rotation to the point where the force is applied.
Define the cross product in relation to torque.
The mathematical operation used to calculate torque, given by $\vec{\tau} = \vec{r} \times \vec{F}$.
What is the right-hand rule used for in the context of torque?
A method to determine the direction of the torque vector, which is perpendicular to both the position vector and the force vector.
What is the effect of increasing the lever arm on the torque?
Increasing the lever arm increases the torque, assuming the force remains constant.
What happens to the torque when the force is parallel to the position vector?
The torque is zero because $\sin(0°) = 0$.
What is the effect of applying a force at a 90-degree angle to the lever arm?
It maximizes the torque, as all the force contributes to rotation.
What happens if the net torque on an object is zero?
The object is in rotational equilibrium (it's either not rotating or rotating at a constant angular velocity).
What is the effect of increasing the applied force on the torque?
Increasing the applied force increases the torque, assuming the lever arm and angle remain constant.