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What is Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)?
A special type of periodic motion where an object moves back and forth repeatedly around a central equilibrium point due to a restoring force.
Define 'restoring force' in the context of SHM.
A force that always points towards the equilibrium position, pulling the object back to its center.
What is the 'equilibrium position' in SHM?
The position where the net force on the object is zero, resulting in zero acceleration.
Define 'amplitude' in the context of SHM.
The maximum displacement of the object from its equilibrium position during oscillation.
What is the 'period' (T) of SHM?
The time required for one complete oscillation or cycle of the motion.
What is the 'frequency' (f) of SHM?
The number of oscillations per unit of time, usually measured in Hertz (Hz).
What are the key differences between a pendulum's motion and a mass-spring system in SHM?
Pendulum: Restoring force is a torque, SHM is an approximation for small angles. | Mass-Spring: Restoring force is linear (Hooke's Law), SHM is more accurate.
Differentiate between period and frequency in SHM.
Period: Time for one oscillation. | Frequency: Number of oscillations per second.
Compare potential and kinetic energy in SHM.
Potential Energy: Maximum at maximum displacement, zero at equilibrium. | Kinetic Energy: Zero at maximum displacement, maximum at equilibrium.
What happens when an object is displaced from equilibrium in SHM?
The restoring force pushes or pulls it back towards the equilibrium position.
What is the effect of increasing the displacement from equilibrium on the restoring force?
The restoring force increases linearly.
What happens to the total mechanical energy in SHM?
The total mechanical energy (potential + kinetic) is conserved; energy is constantly exchanged between potential and kinetic forms.
What happens if the mass in a mass-spring system is doubled?
The period of oscillation increases by a factor of $\sqrt{2}$.
What happens if the length of a pendulum is quadrupled?
The period of oscillation is doubled.