Force and Translational Dynamics
Which of the following is an example of an emergent property arising from object interactions within a system?
The color of a single atom in a molecule.
The uniform pressure of a gas, resulting from the collective motion of its molecules.
The mass of an individual electron.
The gravitational force exerted by a single planet.
In which of the following scenarios would it be most appropriate to treat a car as a single object for analysis?
Analyzing the combustion process within the engine.
Designing the suspension system to absorb shocks.
Calculating the car's trajectory when launched as a projectile.
Studying the airflow around the car's body to reduce drag.
Consider a flock of birds flying in a coordinated pattern. Which statement best illustrates how the internal structure of this system affects its overall behavior?
The color of each bird's feathers determines the flock's direction.
The unique flight path of each bird contributes to the flock's coordinated movement.
The size of each bird's beak affects the flock's speed.
The number of birds in the flock determines the average weight of each bird.
What is the center of mass (COM) of a system?
The point where the mass of the largest object in the system is concentrated.
The average position of all the mass in the system.
The geometric center of the system.
The point where the potential energy of the system is minimized.
Which of the following is an example of energy transfer between a system and its environment?
A closed thermos maintaining the temperature of coffee.
A plant absorbing sunlight and CO2 from its environment.
An isolated ideal gas expanding into a vacuum.
A perfectly insulated electrical wire conducting current.
Two objects are placed on the x-axis. A 2 kg object is at x = 1 m, and a 3 kg object is at x = 4 m. What is the x-coordinate of the center of mass of this system?
2.6 m
2.8 m
3.0 m
3.2 m
A system consists of two objects with masses and located at positions and respectively along the x-axis. Which of the following formulas correctly calculates the x-coordinate of the center of mass () of this system?

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Why is the center of mass (COM) important in physics?
It only simplifies calculations for stationary objects.
It helps predict how a system will move and behave.
It is only relevant for systems with symmetrical shapes.
It is crucial for understanding the internal forces within a system.
Where is the center of mass of a uniform sphere located?
At the surface of the sphere.
At the center of the sphere.
At a point outside the sphere.
It depends on the material of the sphere.