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Compare open-open and open-closed tubes regarding resonance.
Open-Open Tube: Resonates at every harmonic (\(f_n = n \frac{v}{2L}\)). Antinodes at both ends. | Open-Closed Tube: Resonates at odd harmonics only (\(f_n = n \frac{v}{4L}\), n = 1, 3, 5...). Antinode at the open end, node at the closed end.
Differentiate between constructive and destructive interference.
Constructive Interference: Waves combine to produce a larger amplitude. | Destructive Interference: Waves combine to produce a smaller amplitude or cancel each other out.
How do beats occur?
Beats occur when two waves with slightly different frequencies interfere. The beat frequency is the absolute difference between the two frequencies: |f1 - f2|.
Describe the formation of standing waves.
Standing waves are formed by the superposition of two waves with the same frequency, amplitude, and wavelength traveling in opposite directions. This results in fixed nodes and antinodes.
How is the wavelength of a standing wave determined in a fixed length of string?
The possible wavelengths of a standing wave are determined by the size of the region to which it is confined. For a string of length L fixed at both ends, the wavelengths are given by \(\lambda_n = \frac{2L}{n}\), where n is an integer (1, 2, 3, ...).
In a standing wave on a string fixed at both ends, what is the distance between two consecutive nodes?
The distance between two consecutive nodes is half of the wavelength (\(\lambda/2\)).
In a standing wave on a string fixed at both ends, what is the distance between two consecutive antinodes?
The distance between two consecutive antinodes is half of the wavelength (\(\lambda/2\)).