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Define 'inertial frame of reference'.

A frame where Newton's laws hold true; objects at rest stay at rest, and objects in motion stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a force.

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Define 'inertial frame of reference'.

A frame where Newton's laws hold true; objects at rest stay at rest, and objects in motion stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a force.

What is 'rotational velocity (ω)'?

How fast an object is rotating, measured in radians per second (rad/s).

Define 'rotational acceleration (α)'.

How quickly the rotational velocity changes, measured in radians per second squared (rad/s²).

What is 'centripetal acceleration (ac)'?

Acceleration towards the center of a circular path.

Define 'net force'.

The vector sum of all forces acting on an object.

What is a 'vector'?

A quantity with both magnitude and direction. Examples: force, displacement, velocity, acceleration.

What is a 'scalar'?

A quantity with only magnitude. Examples: mass, time, speed.

What is the effect of a net force acting on an object?

The object accelerates in the direction of the net force (Newton's Second Law).

What is the effect of applying a force on an object?

According to Newton's Third Law, the object applies an equal and opposite force back.

What happens when an object experiences centripetal acceleration?

The object moves in a circular path.

What are the key differences between inertial and non-inertial frames of reference?

Inertial: Newton's laws hold true, non-accelerating. Non-inertial: Newton's laws don't apply, accelerating.

Differentiate between scalar and vector quantities.

Scalar: Magnitude only. Vector: Magnitude and direction.