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Differentiate between an open and closed system.
Open System: Exchanges both matter and energy with surroundings. Closed System: Exchanges energy but not matter with surroundings.
What is the difference between Internal and External forces?
Internal Force: Force caused by a member within the system. External Force: Force caused by something outside the system.
Compare positive and negative work.
Positive Work: Work done on the system, increasing its energy. Negative Work: Work done by the system, decreasing its energy.
Compare Closed and Isolated Systems.
Closed System: Exchanges energy, not matter. Isolated System: Exchanges neither matter nor energy.
Compare Kinetic and Potential Energy.
Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion. Potential Energy: Energy of position or configuration.
Define 'Conservation of Energy'.
The total energy within a closed system remains constant; energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
What is 'Kinetic Energy'?
Energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
Define 'Potential Energy'.
Energy possessed by an object due to its position or configuration.
What is 'Thermal Energy'?
Energy associated with the temperature of an object or system.
Define 'Work' in physics.
The transfer of energy that occurs when a force moves an object parallel to the force.
What is 'Power'?
The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
What is the effect of external interactions on a system?
External interactions can change the total energy of a system.
What happens when positive work is done on a system?
The total energy of the system increases.
What happens when negative work is done on a system?
The total energy of the system decreases.
What is the effect of friction on a system?
Friction converts mechanical energy into thermal energy, often decreasing the kinetic energy of the system.
What happens when energy is transferred to a system?
The system's total energy increases.