All Flashcards
What is the definition of work?
The process of transferring energy into or out of a system by applying a force over a distance.
What is kinetic energy?
Energy an object possesses due to its motion.
What is gravitational potential energy?
Energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field.
What is elastic potential energy?
Energy stored in a spring or other elastic material when it's stretched or compressed.
What is thermal energy?
Energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules within a system, often appearing as heat or sound.
Define mechanical energy.
The sum of kinetic and potential energies in a system.
What is the effect of doing positive work on an object?
The object's kinetic energy increases.
What is the effect of non-conservative forces being present in a system?
Mechanical energy is not conserved, and some energy will be converted to thermal energy.
What happens when a spring is compressed or stretched?
Elastic potential energy is stored in the spring.
What is the effect of increasing the height of an object in a gravitational field?
The object's gravitational potential energy increases.
What happens when friction acts on a moving object?
Kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy, reducing the object's kinetic energy and increasing the internal energy (temperature) of the object and the surface it's sliding on.
What are the steps to derive kinetic energy from work?
- Start with Work: 2. Newton's Second Law: 3. Kinematics: which can be rearranged to a = rac{v_f^2 - v_i^2}{2d} 4. Substitute: W = mad = m( rac{v_f^2 - v_i^2}{2d})d = rac{1}{2}mv_f^2 - rac{1}{2}mv_i^2 = ΔK