The total energy of an isolated system remains constant; energy can change forms but is neither created nor destroyed.

The sum of potential (U) and kinetic (K) energies in a system: $TME = U + K$.

The net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy: $W_{net} = \Delta K = K_f - K_i$.

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred: $P = \frac{W}{t}$ or $P = \frac{\Delta E}{t}$.

Watts (W), equivalent to joules per second (J/s).

1. Equate initial potential energy to final kinetic energy: $mgh = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$. 2. Solve for v: $v = \sqrt{2gh}$.

1. Use the formula for potential energy in a spring: $U = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$, where k is the spring constant and x is the compression/extension distance.

1. Calculate the normal force (N). 2. Calculate the frictional force: $f = \mu N$. 3. Calculate work: $W = f d$.

1. Identify all forces doing work. 2. Calculate the work done by each force. 3. Calculate the net work: $W_{net} = \Delta K$. 4. Solve for the unknown (e.g., final velocity).

1. Calculate the work done or energy transferred (W or $\Delta E$). 2. Measure the time (t) over which the work is done. 3. Calculate power: $P = \frac{W}{t}$ or $P = \frac{\Delta E}{t}$.

Energy: The capacity to do work. | Work: Transfer of energy. | Power: Rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion, $K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$. | Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position or condition, e.g., $U = mgh$ or $U = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$.

Conservative Forces: Work done is path-independent (e.g., gravity, spring force). | Non-Conservative Forces: Work done is path-dependent (e.g., friction, air resistance).