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What are the steps to analyze two-object collisions?

Calculate initial momentum of each object. 2. Calculate total initial momentum. 3. Apply conservation of momentum. 4. Solve for the unknown.

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What are the steps to analyze two-object collisions?

Calculate initial momentum of each object. 2. Calculate total initial momentum. 3. Apply conservation of momentum. 4. Solve for the unknown.

What is the effect of a larger force acting over a longer time interval on momentum?

A larger change in momentum.

What happens when multiple forces act on a system?

The net force (vector sum of all forces) determines the change in momentum.

What happens when an object is at rest?

Its initial momentum is zero.

What happens when objects stick together after a collision?

You'll use the combined mass when calculating the final velocity of the system.

What is the effect of increasing the time of impact (e.g., with an airbag)?

It reduces the force on the object.

What is the definition of momentum ( $\vec{p}$ )?

Measure of how much "oomph" an object has in motion; product of mass ( $m$ ) and velocity ( $\vec{v}$ ): $\vec{p} = m\vec{v}$

What is the definition of impulse ( $\vec{J}$ )?

Change in momentum ( $\Delta \vec{p}$ ), result of a force acting over a period of time: $\vec{J} = \Delta \vec{p} = \vec{F}\Delta t$

What is the definition of conservation of momentum?

In a closed system, the total momentum remains constant: $\vec{p}_{initial} = \vec{p}_{final}$

What is an elastic collision?

A collision where kinetic energy is conserved; objects bounce off each other without losing energy.

What is an inelastic collision?

A collision where kinetic energy is not conserved; some energy is lost as heat, sound, or deformation.

All Flashcards

What are the steps to analyze two-object collisions?

Calculate initial momentum of each object. 2. Calculate total initial momentum. 3. Apply conservation of momentum. 4. Solve for the unknown.

What is the effect of a larger force acting over a longer time interval on momentum?

A larger change in momentum.

What happens when multiple forces act on a system?

The net force (vector sum of all forces) determines the change in momentum.

What happens when an object is at rest?

Its initial momentum is zero.

What happens when objects stick together after a collision?

You'll use the combined mass when calculating the final velocity of the system.

What is the effect of increasing the time of impact (e.g., with an airbag)?

It reduces the force on the object.

What is the definition of momentum ( $\vec{p}$ )?

Measure of how much "oomph" an object has in motion; product of mass ( $m$ ) and velocity ( $\vec{v}$ ): $\vec{p} = m\vec{v}$

What is the definition of impulse ( $\vec{J}$ )?

Change in momentum ( $\Delta \vec{p}$ ), result of a force acting over a period of time: $\vec{J} = \Delta \vec{p} = \vec{F}\Delta t$

What is the definition of conservation of momentum?

In a closed system, the total momentum remains constant: $\vec{p}_{initial} = \vec{p}_{final}$

What is an elastic collision?

A collision where kinetic energy is conserved; objects bounce off each other without losing energy.

What is an inelastic collision?

A collision where kinetic energy is not conserved; some energy is lost as heat, sound, or deformation.