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  2. AP Physics 1
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What are the steps to apply Newton's Second Law to SHM?

  1. Identify Forces. 2. Draw a Free-Body Diagram. 3. Note Mass & Acceleration. 4. Write F = ma Equation. 5. Solve for Acceleration. 6. Find Velocity & Position. 7. Graph It. 8. Solve Unknowns. 9. Repeat for multiple objects.
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What are the steps to apply Newton's Second Law to SHM?

  1. Identify Forces. 2. Draw a Free-Body Diagram. 3. Note Mass & Acceleration. 4. Write F = ma Equation. 5. Solve for Acceleration. 6. Find Velocity & Position. 7. Graph It. 8. Solve Unknowns. 9. Repeat for multiple objects.

What is the effect of increasing the length of a pendulum on its period?

The period increases; T∝LT \propto \sqrt{L}T∝L​

What is the effect of increasing the mass on a spring on its period?

The period increases; T∝mT \propto \sqrt{m}T∝m​

What is the effect of increasing the spring constant (k) on the period of a mass-spring system?

The period decreases; T∝1kT \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}T∝k​1​

What happens to the velocity of an object in SHM as it passes through the equilibrium point?

Velocity is at its maximum.

What happens to the acceleration of an object in SHM at its maximum displacement?

Acceleration is at its maximum.

What are the key differences between the period of a pendulum and the period of a mass on a spring?

Pendulum: T=2πLgT = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}T=2πgL​​, depends on length (L) and gravity (g). Mass-Spring: T=2πmkT = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}T=2πkm​​, depends on mass (m) and spring constant (k).

Compare and contrast the restoring force at the equilibrium point versus at the maximum displacement in SHM.

Equilibrium: Restoring force is zero. | Maximum Displacement: Restoring force is at its maximum.