Static Friction: Prevents motion | Kinetic Friction: Opposes motion of sliding objects

Elastic: Kinetic energy is conserved | Inelastic: Kinetic energy is not conserved

Gravitational: Energy due to height (mgh) | Elastic: Energy stored in a spring ($\frac{1}{2}kx^2$)

Period: Time for one cycle (T) | Frequency: Cycles per unit time (f), $T = \frac{1}{f}$

Linear: Motion in a straight line | Rotational: Motion around an axis

Mass: Resistance to linear acceleration | Rotational Inertia: Resistance to angular acceleration

The object accelerates ($F_{net} = ma$).

The object's kinetic energy changes ($W_{net} = \Delta KE$).

The object's momentum changes ($J = \Delta p$).

The object experiences angular acceleration ($\tau_{net} = I\alpha$).

The gravitational force between them decreases ($F_g = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}$).

It stores elastic potential energy ($PE_s = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$).

Analyze horizontal and vertical motion separately. Horizontal motion: constant velocity ($\a_x = 0$). Vertical motion: constant acceleration due to gravity ($\a_y = -g = -9.8 m/s^2$).

Resolve forces into components parallel and perpendicular to the plane. $F_{g\parallel} = mg \sin(\theta)$, $F_{g\perp} = mg \cos(\theta)$

Set gravitational force equal to centripetal force: $G\frac{Mm}{r^2} = m\frac{v^2}{r}$.

Use the equation $\tau_{net} = I\alpha$ to relate net torque to rotational inertia and angular acceleration.