Circular Motion and Gravitation
If a very massive sphere leans towards a smaller sphere, the force of attraction between the two objects will be
the same magnitude
different magnitudes
opposite in direction and different magnitudes
none of the above
Which of Newton’s laws explains why a planet orbits the sun?
Newton's first law of motion.
Newton's third law of motion.
Newton’s law of universal gravitation.
Newton's second law of motion.
If a planetary object were found with twice the radius and eight times the mass of Earth, how would the acceleration due to gravity at its surface compare to that on Earth?
It would be two times greater than on Earth.
It would be four times greater than on Earth.
It would be half of that on Earth.
It would be the same as on Earth.
Which following describe the mechanism behind creating artificial microgravity environments aboard spacecraft?
Free-fall orbits
Centripetal acceleration
Residual atmospheric drag
Suspended magnetic fields
What type of energy does an object possess due to its position in a gravitational field?
Thermal energy
Potential energy
Elastic energy
Kinetic energy
What happens to the total mechanical energy of a system when work is done against gravitational forces to store potential energy?
Increases
Becomes zero
Remains same
Decrease
A satellite orbits two hypothetical planets with equal radii but different masses; if one planet’s mass is four times greater than that of another, how do their gravitational fields compare at orbital altitude?
The satellite experiences lesser gravity from the larger planet due to increased orbital velocity.
The gravitational field is twice as strong on the planet with the larger mass.
The gravitational field is four times greater on the planet with the larger mass.
The gravitational fields on both planets are equal because of their identical radii.

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Which of the following is a correct statement about gravitational force and conservation of energy in a closed system?
In a closed system, gravitational forces cause energy to be transferred out of the system.
Gravitational force causes the total mechanical energy to increase over time.
Conservation of energy does not apply when gravitational forces are present.
Gravitational force is a conservative force, meaning total mechanical energy is conserved.
Which planet has a gravitational acceleration most similar to Earth's?
Mercury
Mars
Jupiter
Venus
If a spacecraft travels from Earth to a planet with twice Earth's mass but the same radius, how does the spacecraft's weight upon landing compare to its weight on Earth?
The spacecraft weighs twice as much on that planet than on Earth.
The spacecraft weighs half as much on that planet than on Earth.
The spacecraft weighs four times as much on that planet than on Earth.
The spacecraft’s weight remains unchanged from its weight on Earth.