Electric Charges and Electric Force

Ohmmeter

Voltmeter

Galvanometer

Ammeter

Capacitance remains unchanged since it depends primarily on plate area not intervening materials.

The capacitance decreases because dielectrics add resistance to charge flow across plates.

Capacitance oscillates depending on orientation thickness said dielectric.

The capacitance increases because dielectric materials reduce the electric field within themselves compared with air or vacuum.

Reduce humidity in the air surrounding spheres significantly.

Increase ambient light level around spheres considerably.

Cool down temperatures around spheres well below room temperature.

Apply a strong magnetic field perpendicular to line joining centers of spheres.

Potential energy remains constant while all added kinetic energy transfers as heat through radiation emitted by accelerated charges.

The stationary particle gains no kinetic energy since conservation laws ensure that total mechanical energy does not change within such systems.

It increases potential energy due to increased separation distance resulting from repulsion forces acting on both particles.

It decreases potential energy between them while increasing total kinetic energy until electrical repulsion stops further conversion.

It decreases by a factor of four.

It decreases by a factor of two.

It increases by a factor of four.

It increases by a factor of two.

It doubles.

It decreases by a factor of four (quadratic relationship).

It halves.

It remains unchanged.

Coulomb

Newton

Watt

Joule

Air pressure increases around the charged object, forcing charge to disperse.

Moisture ionizes surrounding gas, creating an electric wind that blows charge away.

Moisture causes the temperature to rise until thermal degradation releases charge.

Electric charge is transferred to the naturally moist air particles, creating a conduction pathway.

It increases capacitance allowing more charge storage at same voltage due polarization aligning molecular dipoles reducing effective electric field.

Material presence enhances strength external applied electrical fields inside capacitor effectively amplifying circuit power output proportionally thickness utilized layer.

Dielectric insertion decreases overall charge capacity since insulators block flow reducing amount cumulatively preserved upon plates at given voltage.

The dielectric merely acts thermal buffer slowing temperature rise otherwise induced via Joule heating under continuous current conditions during charging.

Placing additional light source focused on dangling bobs to heat them up and potentially increase charge carrier activity has a minor impact on overall forces since the amount of charge is not changed and heating might cause dissipation instead.

Extending suspension length of threads making bobs hang lower does not significantly impact measured force related to charge interaction, only affected by distance changes in line joining centers of objects.

Changing the material of the threads to carbon fiber threads of lesser diameter and lower electrical conductivity increases force by maintaining charges better than insulating threads.

Replacing pendulum bobs with larger fully conductive spheres same size as charged objects decreases force due to bigger masses adding gravitational attraction to electrical repulsion.