All Flashcards
What is the effect of increasing the temperature of a metal rod?
The metal rod will undergo thermal expansion, increasing in length and volume.
What is the effect of bringing two objects at different temperatures into thermal contact?
Heat will transfer from the hotter object to the cooler object until they reach thermal equilibrium.
What happens when atomic collisions occur between high-energy and low-energy atoms?
Higher-energy atoms transfer energy to lower-energy atoms.
What is the effect of increasing the cross-sectional area (A) of a material on the rate of heat transfer, according to Fourier's Law?
Increasing the cross-sectional area increases the rate of heat transfer.
What is the effect of increasing the temperature gradient (dT/dx) on the rate of heat transfer, according to Fourier's Law?
Increasing the temperature gradient increases the rate of heat transfer.
Describe the direction of energy transfer between two systems at different temperatures.
Energy always flows from the hotter system to the cooler system.
Explain how thermal equilibrium is achieved between two systems in thermal contact.
Energy transfers from the hotter system to the cooler system until both systems reach the same temperature, at which point the rate of energy transfer is equal in both directions.
Compare and contrast linear thermal expansion and volumetric thermal expansion.
Linear Expansion: Change in length, described by . | Volumetric Expansion: Change in volume, described by .
Differentiate between materials with high thermal conductivity and low thermal conductivity.
High Conductivity: Conduct heat efficiently, used in cooking pots. | Low Conductivity: Insulate against heat transfer, used in building insulation.