1. Rub two materials together. 2. Electrons transfer from one material to the other. 3. One material becomes negatively charged, the other positively charged.

1. Bring a charged object into contact with a neutral object. 2. Charge transfers from the charged object to the neutral object. 3. Both objects now have the same type of charge.

1. Bring a charged object near a neutral conductor. 2. Charges in the conductor separate (polarization). 3. Ground the conductor to allow charge to flow to or from the Earth. 4. Remove the ground, then remove the charged object. 5. The conductor is now charged.

1. Determine the magnitude and sign of each charge ($q_1$ and $q_2$). 2. Measure the distance (r) between the centers of the spheres. 3. Use Coulomb's Law: $F = k frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$ where $k = 8.99 imes 10^9 , Nm^2/C^2$.

1. Connect the charged object to the Earth via a conductive path. 2. Excess charge flows to or from the Earth. 3. The object becomes neutral.

Contact: Requires direct touch, results in the same charge. | Induction: No direct touch, results in opposite charge.

Conductors: Allow charges to move freely. | Insulators: Resist the movement of charges.

Positive: Deficiency of electrons. | Negative: Excess of electrons.

Attractive: Occurs between opposite charges. | Repulsive: Occurs between like charges.

Charge Transfer: Movement of existing charges from one object to another. | Charge Creation: Hypothetical process that does not occur in normal electrostatic interactions (violates conservation of charge).

Charging is the process of redistributing electrons between objects, not creating charge.

The total charge in an isolated system remains constant; charge is neither created nor destroyed, only transferred.

Connecting a charged object to the Earth, allowing excess charge to flow away and neutralize the object.

The shift of charges within a neutral object when a charged object is brought nearby, creating a polarized object without direct contact.

An object is polarized when its charges have been separated, creating regions of positive and negative charge within the object.