1. Rub two materials together. 2. Electrons transfer from one material to the other. 3. One material becomes negatively charged (gains electrons), and the other becomes positively charged (loses electrons).

1. Bring a charged object into contact with a neutral object. 2. Charge transfers from the charged object to the neutral object. 3. Both objects end up with the same sign of charge.

1. Bring a charged object near a neutral conductor. 2. Charges within the conductor redistribute (induced charge separation). 3. Ground the conductor to allow charge to flow to or from the Earth. 4. Remove the ground connection. 5. Remove the charged object, leaving the conductor with an opposite charge.

1. Draw a free-body diagram for one sphere. 2. Use trigonometry to find the angle of the thread. 3. Set up and solve the equilibrium equation using the angle and mass. 4. Use Coulomb's law to calculate the charge.

1. Identify all the charged objects. 2. Calculate the electric force between each pair of charged objects using Coulomb's law. 3. Determine the direction of each force (attractive or repulsive). 4. Vectorially add the forces to find the net force on each object.

Electrons transfer from hair to the balloon, making the balloon negatively charged and the hair positively charged.

Charge is transferred, and the sphere acquires the same type of charge as the rod.

Negative charges in the conductor move toward the charged object, and positive charges move away, resulting in charge separation.

Excess electrons flow from the object to the Earth, neutralizing the object.

The electrostatic force between them decreases (inversely proportional to the square of the distance, according to Coulomb's Law).

1. Rub two materials together. 2. Electrons transfer from one material to the other. 3. One material becomes negatively charged, the other positively charged.

1. Bring a charged object into contact with a neutral object. 2. Charge transfers from the charged object to the neutral object. 3. Both objects now have the same type of charge.

1. Bring a charged object near a neutral conductor. 2. Charges in the conductor separate (polarization). 3. Ground the conductor to allow charge to flow to or from the Earth. 4. Remove the ground, then remove the charged object. 5. The conductor is now charged.

1. Determine the magnitude and sign of each charge ($q_1$ and $q_2$). 2. Measure the distance (r) between the centers of the spheres. 3. Use Coulomb's Law: $F = k frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$ where $k = 8.99 imes 10^9 , Nm^2/C^2$.

1. Connect the charged object to the Earth via a conductive path. 2. Excess charge flows to or from the Earth. 3. The object becomes neutral.