A vector field that exerts a force on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials.

A fundamental source of magnetic fields, analogous to a tiny bar magnet with a north and south pole.

A measure of how much a material can be magnetized in response to an external magnetic field.

A constant that represents the baseline for how easily a magnetic field can form in a vacuum.

Materials (like iron, nickel, cobalt) that can be permanently magnetized due to aligned magnetic domains.

Materials (like aluminum, titanium, magnesium) weakly attracted to magnetic fields; dipoles align temporarily.

Materials (all materials) weakly repelled by magnetic fields due to slight alignment of electron dipole moments opposite to the external field.

The force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field, measured in Newtons (N).

A measure of the intensity of a magnetic field, measured in Tesla (T).

A physical constant representing the ability of a vacuum to support the formation of a magnetic field. $\mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7}$ T⋅m/A.

The line integral of the magnetic field around a closed loop is proportional to the current enclosed by the loop.

Law that calculates the magnetic field created by a small segment of current-carrying wire.

The circular motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.

You get two smaller bar magnets, each with its own north and south pole.

They repel each other.

They attract each other.

The compass aligns itself with the external magnetic field.

Permeability can change with temperature.

The strength of the magnetic field increases.