Point your thumb in the direction of the velocity, your fingers in the direction of the magnetic field, and your palm will point in the direction of the force.

Point your thumb in the direction of the current, your fingers in the direction of the magnetic field, and your palm will point in the direction of the force on the wire.

1. Choose an Amperian loop. 2. Calculate the line integral of the magnetic field around the loop. 3. Determine the current enclosed by the loop. 4. Apply the formula: $\oint B \cdot dl = \mu_0 I_{enc}$.

Ferromagnetic: Can be permanently magnetized, strong interaction. Paramagnetic: Weakly attracted, temporary alignment.

Paramagnetic: Weakly attracted, dipoles align temporarily. Diamagnetic: Weakly repelled, dipoles align opposite to field.

Ferromagnetic: Strongly attracted, can be permanently magnetized. Diamagnetic: Weakly repelled.

Monopoles: Theoretical, single north or south pole. Dipoles: Real, always have both north and south poles.

Ferromagnetic: Domains strongly align and remain aligned. Paramagnetic: Domains weakly and temporarily align. Diamagnetic: Electron dipole moments align opposite to the field.

The force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field, measured in Newtons (N).

A measure of the intensity of a magnetic field, measured in Tesla (T).

A physical constant representing the ability of a vacuum to support the formation of a magnetic field. $\mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7}$ T⋅m/A.

The line integral of the magnetic field around a closed loop is proportional to the current enclosed by the loop.

Law that calculates the magnetic field created by a small segment of current-carrying wire.

The circular motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.