The speed of light decreases.

Total internal reflection occurs; the light is completely reflected back into the original medium.

The light passes straight through without bending (no refraction).

The light slows down and bends towards the normal.

The angle of refraction increases, bending away from the normal.

Refraction: Light bends and enters a new medium. | Total Internal Reflection: Light is completely reflected back into the original medium.

Higher Index: Light bends towards the normal, speed decreases. | Lower Index: Light bends away from the normal, speed increases (if total internal reflection doesn't occur).

Angle of Incidence: The angle between the incident ray and the normal. | Angle of Refraction: The angle between the refracted ray and the normal.

Air: Light travels nearly at its vacuum speed (approximately 3 × 10⁸ m/s). | Glass: Light travels slower than in air, typically about 2 × 10⁸ m/s (depending on the glass).

Reflection: Light bounces off a surface, remaining in the same medium. | Refraction: Light bends as it passes through a surface into a new medium.

1. Identify the indices of refraction (n1 and n2) of both materials. 2. Determine the angle of incidence (θ1). 3. Use Snell's Law ($$n_1 \sin \theta_1 = n_2 \sin \theta_2$$) to solve for the angle of refraction (θ2).

1. Light travels from a medium with a higher refractive index to one with a lower refractive index. 2. The angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle. 3. All light reflects back into the higher index medium.

1. Identify the refractive indices of both media (n1 and n2). 2. Calculate the critical angle using $$heta_{\text{critical}} = \sin^{-1}\left(\frac{n_2}{n_1}\right)$$. 3. Compare the angle of incidence to the critical angle. If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs.

1. Measure the speed of light (v) in the medium. 2. Recall the speed of light in a vacuum (c ≈ 3 × 10⁸ m/s). 3. Calculate the index of refraction using the formula n = c/v.

1. Identify the indices of refraction (n1 and n2) of both materials, where n1 > n2. 2. Use the formula $$heta_{\text{critical}} = \sin^{-1}\left(\frac{n_2}{n_1}\right)$$ to calculate the critical angle.