All Flashcards
How do you calculate the energy of a photon given its frequency?
Use the formula , where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency.
How do you calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a particle?
Use the formula , where λ is the de Broglie wavelength, h is Planck's constant, and p is the momentum of the particle.
Describe how a photon's speed changes when it enters a medium.
The photon's speed decreases. The amount of decrease is inversely proportional to the medium's index of refraction.
Compare and contrast classical mechanics and quantum mechanics.
Classical mechanics: Describes macroscopic phenomena, continuous variables. Quantum mechanics: Describes atomic/subatomic phenomena, quantized variables.
What is the difference between photon wavelength and de Broglie wavelength?
Photon wavelength: Wavelength of electromagnetic radiation (light). De Broglie wavelength: Wavelength associated with a moving particle.
Define a photon.
A discrete packet of energy of electromagnetic radiation (light).
What is Planck's constant?
The constant (h) that relates the energy of a photon to its frequency, approximately 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}.
Define the de Broglie wavelength.
The wavelength associated with a moving particle, illustrating its wave-like properties.
What is meant by 'quantization' in physics?
The concept that energy and other physical quantities can only exist in discrete, specific values, not continuously.
Define wave-particle duality.
The concept that all matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties.
What are bound systems?
Systems in which particles are confined to a specific region of space, such as electrons in an atom.