What is the effect of an atom gaining electrons?

The atom becomes a negatively charged ion (anion).

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What is the effect of an atom gaining electrons?

The atom becomes a negatively charged ion (anion).

What is the effect of an atom losing electrons?

The atom becomes a positively charged ion (cation).

What happens when an electron transitions to a lower energy level?

A photon is emitted.

What happens when an electron absorbs a photon with the correct energy?

The electron transitions to a higher energy level.

Label the components of the Carbon-12 nucleus.

Protons: 6, Neutrons: 6

In a Bohr model diagram, what do the concentric circles represent?

Energy levels or electron shells.

What is the key difference between Carbon-12 and Carbon-14?

Carbon-12: 6 neutrons | Carbon-14: 8 neutrons (different number of neutrons)

Compare and contrast Cations vs. Anions.

Cations: Positive charge, fewer electrons than protons | Anions: Negative charge, more electrons than protons

Compare the Bohr model with modern quantum mechanics.

Bohr Model: Simplified, electrons in fixed orbits | Modern Quantum Mechanics: Orbitals, probability functions, more accurate for complex atoms