All Flashcards
Compare Cations and Anions.
Cations: Positive charge, fewer electrons than protons. | Anions: Negative charge, more electrons than protons.
What are the differences between the Bohr model and modern quantum mechanics?
Bohr Model: Simplified, historical model with fixed electron orbits. | Modern Quantum Mechanics: More complex, describes electrons in terms of probability distributions (orbitals).
Define 'atomic number'.
The unique number of protons in an element's nucleus, defining its identity.
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that participate in chemical bonds.
Define 'isotope'.
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What is a cation?
A positive ion formed when an atom loses electrons.
What is an anion?
A negative ion formed when an atom gains electrons.
Define 'quantization' in the context of the Bohr model.
The restriction of electron orbits to specific, allowed energy states, leading to the emission/absorption of specific wavelengths of light.
What is the effect of an atom gaining electrons?
The atom becomes a negatively charged ion (anion).
What is the effect of an atom losing electrons?
The atom becomes a positively charged ion (cation).
What happens when an electron transitions to a lower energy level?
A photon is emitted.
What happens when an electron absorbs a photon with the correct energy?
The electron transitions to a higher energy level.