All Flashcards
Define 'atomic number'.
The unique number of protons in an element's nucleus, defining its identity.
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that participate in chemical bonds.
Define 'isotope'.
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What is a cation?
A positive ion formed when an atom loses electrons.
What is an anion?
A negative ion formed when an atom gains electrons.
Define 'quantization' in the context of the Bohr model.
The restriction of electron orbits to specific, allowed energy states, leading to the emission/absorption of specific wavelengths of light.
Label the components of the Carbon-12 nucleus.
Protons: 6, Neutrons: 6
In a Bohr model diagram, what do the concentric circles represent?
Energy levels or electron shells.
Briefly describe how ions are formed.
Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons, resulting in a net electric charge. Losing electrons forms cations (positive ions), while gaining electrons forms anions (negative ions).
Describe how electrons transition between energy levels in the Bohr model.
Electrons can jump from one energy level to another by absorbing or emitting photons with energy equal to the energy difference between the levels.