Compare Cations and Anions.
Cations: Positive charge, fewer electrons than protons. | Anions: Negative charge, more electrons than protons.
What are the differences between the Bohr model and modern quantum mechanics?
Bohr Model: Simplified, historical model with fixed electron orbits. | Modern Quantum Mechanics: More complex, describes electrons in terms of probability distributions (orbitals).
What is the effect of an atom gaining electrons?
The atom becomes a negatively charged ion (anion).
What is the effect of an atom losing electrons?
The atom becomes a positively charged ion (cation).
What is the effect of an electron transitioning to a lower energy level in the Bohr model?
A photon is emitted with energy equal to the energy difference between the levels.
What is the effect of an electron absorbing a photon with the correct energy?
The electron transitions to a higher energy level.
Briefly describe how ions are formed.
Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons, resulting in a net electric charge. Losing electrons forms cations (positive ions), while gaining electrons forms anions (negative ions).
Describe how electrons transition between energy levels in the Bohr model.
Electrons can jump from one energy level to another by absorbing or emitting photons with energy equal to the energy difference between the levels.
