Thermodynamics

A measure of energy concentration.

A measure of the total energy in a system.

A measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.

A measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules.

The entropy decreases because the water molecules are more ordered.

The entropy remains the same because it is a reversible process.

The entropy increases because the water molecules have more freedom of movement.

The entropy fluctuates randomly.

The gas expanding freely into a vacuum.

The gas expanding isothermally against a piston.

Both processes result in the same entropy change.

Neither process changes the entropy.

It always decreases.

It always remains constant.

It can only decrease.

It can only increase or remain constant.

Yes, because energy is conserved.

No, because the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy can only increase or remain constant.

Yes, if the process is reversible.

Yes, if work is done on the system.

It suggests that the universe will eventually reach a state of maximum order.

It suggests that the universe will eventually reach a state of maximum entropy, where no further work can be done.

It suggests that the total energy of the universe will eventually decrease to zero.

It has no relation to the concept of heat death.

In a closed system, entropy can decrease, while in an open system, it can only increase.

In a closed system, entropy can only increase, while in an open system, it can decrease locally.

In a closed system, entropy remains constant, while in an open system, it always increases.

There is no difference in entropy change between closed and open systems.

By isolating the system completely from its surroundings.

By transferring energy out of the system, which increases entropy elsewhere, ensuring the total entropy of the universe increases.

By converting all energy into work.

Entropy cannot decrease locally in any system.

Entropy decreases in the refrigerator, decreases in the room, and decreases in the universe.

Entropy decreases in the refrigerator, increases in the room, and increases in the universe.

Entropy increases in the refrigerator, decreases in the room, and remains constant in the universe.

Entropy remains constant in the refrigerator, increases in the room, and increases in the universe.

Entropy depends on the path taken to reach a state, meaning it is not a state function.

Entropy depends only on the initial state of the system.

Entropy depends only on the final state of the system.

Entropy depends only on the current state of the system, not how it got there; this means only the present condition matters, not the history.