All Flashcards
What is the difference between open and closed fluid systems?
Open Systems: Exchange matter and energy with surroundings. Closed Systems: Do not exchange matter or energy with surroundings.
What is the difference between fluid statics and fluid dynamics?
Fluid Statics: Fluids at rest, hydrostatic pressure acts equally in all directions. Fluid Dynamics: Moving fluids, pressure can change with velocity (Bernoulli's Principle).
Define density.
Density (ρ) is mass (m) per unit volume (V). Formula: . Units: kg/m³.
Define pressure.
Pressure (P) is force (F) per unit area (A). Formula: . Units: Pascals (Pa) or N/m².
Define buoyant force.
The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object.
What is Archimedes' Principle?
The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Define mass flow rate.
The amount of mass of a fluid that passes through a given point per unit of time.
What happens when fluid density increases?
The buoyant force increases.
What happens when the area of a pipe decreases, according to the continuity equation?
The fluid velocity increases.
What happens when an object displaces more fluid?
The buoyant force on the object increases.
What happens to density when temperature increases?
Generally, density decreases.
What happens to density when pressure increases?
Generally, density increases.