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  2. AP Physics 2
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Define density.

Density (ρ) is mass (m) per unit volume (V). Formula: ρ=mVρ = \frac{m}{V}ρ=Vm​. Units: kg/m³.

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Define density.

Density (ρ) is mass (m) per unit volume (V). Formula: ρ=mVρ = \frac{m}{V}ρ=Vm​. Units: kg/m³.

Define pressure.

Pressure (P) is force (F) per unit area (A). Formula: P=FAP = \frac{F}{A}P=AF​. Units: Pascals (Pa) or N/m².

Define buoyant force.

The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object.

What is Archimedes' Principle?

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

Define mass flow rate.

The amount of mass of a fluid that passes through a given point per unit of time.

What is the difference between open and closed fluid systems?

Open Systems: Exchange matter and energy with surroundings. Closed Systems: Do not exchange matter or energy with surroundings.

What is the difference between fluid statics and fluid dynamics?

Fluid Statics: Fluids at rest, hydrostatic pressure acts equally in all directions. Fluid Dynamics: Moving fluids, pressure can change with velocity (Bernoulli's Principle).

How do you draw a free-body diagram?

  1. Draw the object as a simple shape. 2. Draw arrows representing each force acting on the object. 3. Label each force clearly.