All Flashcards
Define pressure.
Pressure is the force distributed over an area; the ratio of force to perpendicular area.
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Pressure exerted by a fluid on a submerged object, due to the weight of the fluid above it.
Define gauge pressure.
The pressure due to the fluid itself ().
What is absolute pressure?
The sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure.
State Pascal's Principle.
Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
Define dynamic pressure.
The pressure due to the fluid's motion, given by .
What is the effect of increasing depth on hydrostatic pressure?
Increasing depth increases hydrostatic pressure.
What is the effect of increasing fluid density on hydrostatic pressure?
Increasing fluid density increases hydrostatic pressure.
According to Bernoulli's principle, what happens to pressure when fluid velocity increases?
Pressure decreases.
According to Pascal's principle, what happens when force is applied to a small area in a confined fluid?
The pressure is transmitted equally in all directions, creating a larger force on a larger area.
How do you calculate total pressure?
- Calculate gauge pressure: . 2. Determine atmospheric pressure (, usually 1 atm). 3. Add them: .
How do you calculate hydrostatic pressure?
- Identify the fluid density (). 2. Determine the depth () from the surface. 3. Use the formula: .