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What are the key differences between an isothermal and an adiabatic process?
Isothermal: Constant temperature, heat exchange allowed. Adiabatic: No heat exchange, temperature changes.
Compare and contrast heat and work as energy transfer mechanisms.
Heat: Energy transfer due to temperature difference. Work: Energy transfer by a force acting over a distance/volume change.
What is the effect of adding heat to a closed system?
Increases the internal energy of the system, potentially leading to an increase in temperature or work done by the system.
What is the effect of doing work on a gas by compressing it?
Increases the internal energy of the gas, potentially leading to an increase in temperature.
What happens to the internal energy during an isothermal process?
The internal energy remains constant because the temperature is constant ($Delta U = 0$).
What happens to the heat exchange during an adiabatic process?
There is no heat exchange with the surroundings (Q = 0).
What is the effect of a clockwise cycle on a PV diagram?
Net work done by the system is negative.
What is the effect of a counterclockwise cycle on a PV diagram?
Net work done by the system is positive.
On a PV diagram, what does the area under the curve represent?
The work done during the process.
On a PV diagram of a cycle, what does the area inside the loop represent?
The net work done during the cycle.