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What are the key differences between electric and magnetic forces?
Electric Force: Acts on any charge, whether moving or stationary; parallel to the electric field. Magnetic Force: Acts only on moving charges; perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the velocity of the charge.
Differentiate between Monopole and Dipole Fields.
Monopole Field: Field produced by a single magnetic charge (theoretical). Dipole Field: Field produced by two opposite magnetic poles (like in a bar magnet).
Define Electric Field (E).
The force per unit charge; a vector field with magnitude and direction.
Define Magnetic Field (B).
A vector field that exerts a force on moving charges.
Define Faraday's Law.
A changing magnetic flux through a loop of wire induces an electromotive force (EMF). Mathematically: $\varepsilon = -N \frac{d\Phi_B}{dt}$
Define Lenz's Law.
The induced current flows in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it.
Define Magnetic Flux (ฮฆB).
The product of the magnetic field strength and the area perpendicular to the field: $\Phi_B = BA \cos(\theta)$.
Define Lorentz Force Law.
The force on a moving charge in a magnetic field: $F = qvB \sin(\theta)$.
How do you determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire?
Use the right-hand rule: point your thumb in the direction of the current, and your fingers curl in the direction of the magnetic field.
How do you determine the direction of the magnetic force on a moving positive charge?
Use the right-hand rule: point your fingers in the direction of the velocity, curl them towards the magnetic field, and your thumb points in the direction of the force.