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All Flashcards
Define 'Wavelength' (\(\lambda\)).
The distance between successive crests or troughs of a wave.
Define 'Frequency' (f).
The number of waves passing a point per unit time, measured in Hertz (Hz).
Define 'Refraction'.
The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed.
Define 'Reflection'.
The bouncing back of light from a surface.
Define 'Diffraction'.
The bending of waves around obstacles or through openings.
Define 'Constructive Interference'.
The superposition of two or more waves in phase, resulting in an increased amplitude.
Define 'Destructive Interference'.
The superposition of two or more waves out of phase, resulting in a decreased amplitude.
What is the effect of light passing from air into glass?
The light bends (refracts) towards the normal if the angle of incidence is not zero.
What is the effect of two waves being in phase?
Constructive interference, resulting in a larger amplitude.
What is the effect of two waves being completely out of phase?
Destructive interference, resulting in cancellation or a smaller amplitude.
What is the effect of light encountering a small opening?
Diffraction, causing the light to spread out.
Compare Convex and Concave Lenses.
Convex: Thicker in the middle, converges light. | Concave: Thinner in the middle, diverges light.
Compare Concave and Convex Mirrors.
Concave: Reflecting surface curves inward, can form real or virtual images. | Convex: Reflecting surface curves outward, always forms virtual images.
Compare Real and Virtual Images.
Real: Formed by actual intersection of light rays, can be projected on a screen, \(d_i\) is positive. | Virtual: Formed by apparent intersection of light rays, cannot be projected, \(d_i\) is negative.
Compare Interference and Diffraction.
Interference: Superposition of two or more waves. | Diffraction: Bending of waves around obstacles or through apertures.