Thermodynamics

Average kinetic energy of particles

Mass of the system

Volume of the system

Total potential energy of particles

Volume

Temperature

Entropy

Pressure

It decreases due to increased radiative losses from these excited rotational states returning back to ground state emitting photons.

It increases because additional degrees of freedom become accessible for distributing thermal energy.

It remains unchanged since only electronic excitations significantly alter specific heats at room temperature conditions.

It becomes variable depending on ambient pressure as photon absorption changes with pressure variations around diatomic molecules.

Isothermal

Adiabatic

Isometric

Isochoric

Entropy change in a system

Conservation of energy

Work done by heat engines

Thermal equilibrium

The constant speed of light in a vacuum regardless of the motion of the source or observer.

The specific quantized energy levels within an atom's electron cloud.

The emission spectrum produced by excited gas atoms returning to lower energy states.

Diffraction patterns resulting from light passing through double slits.

The temperature decreases.

The temperature first decreases then increases completing a cycle.

The temperature remains constant.

The temperature increases.

There will be no convective current formation because gravity being non-inverse square eliminates all buoyant forces essential for initiating these currents.

Heat transfer efficiency via convection currents increases as weaker gravity enhances fluid displacement upwards causing faster convective motion.

Heat transfer efficiency via convection currents remains unaffected as convection relies solely on thermal gradients and fluid properties unaffected by gravity changes.

Heat transfer efficiency via convection currents would decrease due to altered buoyancy forces resulting from changes in gravitational interactions with mass distributions.

Entropy decreases because vapors have less freedom of movement than liquids.

Entropy stays the same because total energy doesn't change.

Entropy increases.

Entropy oscillates before settling back to its original state post-transition.

Decreases conductivity for both types due to reduced mean free path length for charge carriers.

Increases metallic conductivity by providing more free electrons while having no effect on electrolytes.

Increases conductivity for electrolytes due to enhanced ion mobility; tends to decrease metallic conductivity due to increased electron scattering.

Has varied effects depending on material but generally enhances conductivity aggregately across both conductor types.