Thermodynamics

Both rods eventually reach room temperature regardless of initial temperatures.

No heat transfer occurs since metals are conductors, not insulators.

Heat transfers from the hotter rod to the cooler one until thermal equilibrium is reached.

Radiation causes both rods to lose heat until they are equally cold.

The internal energy remains constant.

The internal energy decreases as heat is added to the system.

The internal energy increases due to heat being converted into work.

The internal energy increases due to work done on the surroundings.

When a gas expands without adding heat, its temperature decreases.

If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

The entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will increase over time.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

The type of working substance used in the engine cycle.

The absolute temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs.

The volume ratio between expansion and compression phases.

The pressure differences experienced during operation phases.

$\eta = Q_H - W$

$\eta = \frac{Q_H + W}{Q_H}$

$\eta = \frac{Q_H}{W}$

$\eta = \frac{W}{Q_H}$

Heat capacity

Temperature

Entropy

Enthalpy

The mean free path of electrons/phonons may differ vastly due to size quantization effects, leading to altered transport properties.

Heat transfer via radiation dominates over conduction at nanoscales, making bulk models less relevant.

The effect of cohesive energy density becomes more prominent at small scales, affecting conduction mechanisms.

Axial gradients and physical dimensions play more significant roles than predicted by homogeneous material models.

Newton(N)

Kilogram(kg)

Second(s)

Meter(m)

It reduced measurement errors by eliminating human observation from data collection methods entirely.

It made wired connections obsolete by providing a means for wireless communication between devices.

It completely eliminated signal loss due to resistance in electrical systems within experimental apparatuses.

It greatly increased data transmission rates, allowing for real-time analysis during experiments.

More moles create higher external pressures through additional intermolecular forces;

Reduction total numbers particles lowers overall exerted forces so lessens outside imposing pressures

Incorrect adding more moles increases external pressure due increased collisions against walls;

External pressure doesn’t change because it’s independent from number moles inside container.