Electric Force, Field, and Potential

Friction between two pieces of cloth

A magnetic attraction between two closely placed charged balloons

Heat transfer from a hot body to a cold body

The gravitational pull between the Earth and the Moon

Insulator

Conductor

Semiconductor

Superconductor

The force decreases due to the inverse square law relation with distance.

The force remains unchanged since one sphere is still neutral.

The force becomes repulsive due to polarization effects in the neutral sphere.

The force increases because of their increased proximity and induction causing an attractive interaction.

Use a Coulter counter to detect changes in particle concentration not recognizing that it cannot differentiate between charges on particles.

Implement optical tweezers methodology to isolate and manipulate single particles while accounting for possible laser-induced ionization effects as errors.

Employ electrophoresis to measure particle mobility but fail to account for fluid viscosity impacting the experiment outcomes.

Place particles near a charged plate monitoring motion while overlooking how uniform field strength does not mimic point charge interactions.

Capacitance increases due to increased area allowing more charge storage at a given voltage.

Capacitance initially increases but then decreases due to saturation effects beyond certain size thresholds.

Capacitance remains unchanged since the separation distance has not been altered.

Capacitance decreases because larger plates produce stronger fields which oppose additional charging.

The potential energy remains constant because no additional charge was added to the plates.

The potential energy increases as work must be done against the attractive forces between opposite charges on each plate.

The potential energy decreases since there is more space for charge distribution.

The potential energy turns into kinetic energy as plates repel each other due to like charges.

Radiation

Conduction

Convection

Adiabatic Process

+4q

+2q

q

Zero

Capacitance could either increase or decrease depending upon whether dielectric breakdown occurs first or additional charge storage capacity dominates.

Capacitance C remains unchanged as it depends only on geometric factors A/d, not on e directly.

Capacitance C decreases because increasing e intensifies inter-plate repulsion reducing stored charge for same V.

Capacitance C increases as more electrons imply greater stored charge for same V across plates leading to higher C = Q/V ratio.

Capacitance

Surface density

Conductance

Capacitive reactance