Geometric and Physical Optics

Green

Red

Yellow

Violet

Diffraction

Reflection

Absorption

Refraction

Changing the polarization direction of incident light at a fixed temperature and angle.

Utilizing monochromatic light at different temperatures while keeping incident angles constant.

Using polychromatic light with an array of incident angles under controlled temperatures.

Alternating between coherent and incoherent light sources with identical wavelengths and incidences.

The speed increases.

The speed remains constant.

The speed becomes zero.

The speed decreases.

Real and upright.

Virtual and inverted.

Real and inverted.

Virtual and upright.

Candela (cd)

Watt/meter squared (W/m^2)

Nonlinear optical effects can occur at high intensities, modifying the refractive index and deviating from Snell's Law predictions.

Intense laser beams are too narrow for Snell's Law to apply due to insufficient interaction with the glass surface area.

At extreme intensities, laser beams exclusively reflect off surfaces making Snell’s law redundant for describing their path inside glass.

Laser beam intensity has no effect on its refraction according to Snell's Law, so there are no limitations present.

Ensuring the thicknesses of metal samples correspond precisely with skin depths for respective frequencies.

Maintaining equal surface areas for all metal specimens undergoing absorption testing.

Calibrating instruments to detect minimal power variations between incoming and outgoing waves.

Using materials with uniform thermal conductivities across all samples regardless of metal type.

Reflection

Refraction

Absorption

Diffraction

Intensity and Phase difference

Polarization states

Incident Angle and Refractive indices

Frequency and Amplitude