Geometric and Physical Optics

Image points appear blurry due to non-parallel rays focusing at different points along optical axis after refraction/reflection.

Images form without any aberrations due to corrective measures inherently present within all thick lenses or mirrors used experimentally.

Focal lengths stay constant regardless of changes in aperture size impacting only brightness while maintaining sharpness perfectly well.

All refracted or reflected parallel rays focus precisely at one focal point creating sharp images every time without failure.

When an object is at infinity.

When an object is at the focal point.

When an object is beyond the focal point.

When an object is closer to the mirror than the focal point.

Measuring deviations in image positions as different colored filters are placed successively over a white light source.

Examining changes in magnification for different colors within the visible spectrum using photographic analysis techniques.

Comparing images formed by white light with those formed under homogeneous illumination conditions.

Employing monochromatic light sources while measuring focal points for each wavelength separately and comparing variations.

The virtual image remains upright and reduced, consistent with ideal conditions of a diverging mirror.

A clear virtual image forms exactly at half of the radius of curvature's distance from the mirror's surface.

No discernible change occurs despite variations in object distances relative to focal length.

There are multiple diffuse reflections rather than one distinct virtual image.

The image is not formed because rays parallel to the principal axis do not converge at infinity.

The image appears smaller than the object but still inverted, indicating partial magnification.

The image appears magnified and inverted at a distance less than twice the focal length from the lens.

The image forms on the same side as the object, showing that it is virtual and upright.

An image with heightened resolution and sharpness as diffraction effects counterbalance chromatic aberration.

No significant chromatic or spherical aberrations present due to high-quality glass that completely reduces dispersion.

The image displays color fringing at borders due to different wavelengths focusing at varying distances.

All colored component rays of light still converge at a common focal point resulting in a clear, monochromatic image.

Convection currents transporting hotter matter up and cooler matter down.

Evaporation that cools objects by transferring heat to evaporated molecules.

Conduction, because materials can still touch across empty space.

Radiation, since it doesn't require matter for transmission of energy.

Between the focal point and the lens

At the focal point

Beyond the focal point

At twice the distance of the focal length from the lens

No image forms at all--a result completely at odds with predictions of simple geometric optics.

The real image is projected behind the mirror instead of in front as predicated by standard equations.

The bottom part of the real object appears more distorted than expected due to variations in curvature across the mirror's surface.

A virtual upright and enlarged image forms beyond two times the focal length from the mirror as expected.

Internal energy remains constant since temperature does not change during phase transitions at constant pressure.

The internal energy decreases because melting is an exothermic process releasing heat into surroundings.

The internal energy doubles as both potential and kinetic energies increase within the water molecules turning liquid form solid state.

The internal energy increases due to the absorption of latent heat during phase change from solid to liquid.