A fundamental property of matter that can be positive or negative.

The law that quantifies the electrostatic force between two point charges: $$F = k frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$$.

The work needed to move a charge between two points, measured in volts (V).

A region where a charge experiences a force; a vector field with magnitude and direction.

The potential energy per unit charge, a scalar quantity measured in volts (V).

A measure of the electric field passing through a given area: $$Phi_E = E cdot A = EA cos( heta)$$.

Relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge: $$oint E cdot dA = frac{Q_{enc}}{epsilon_0}$$.

Electric Force: Vector quantity, measured in Newtons (N). Electric Potential: Scalar quantity, measured in Volts (V).

Electric Potential: Varies inversely with distance (1/r). Electric Field: Varies inversely with the square of the distance (1/r^2).

Positive Charges: Electric field lines point away from positive charges. Negative Charges: Electric field lines point towards negative charges.

Coulomb's Law: Calculates force between point charges, best for simple arrangements. Gauss' Law: Relates electric flux to enclosed charge, best for symmetric charge distributions.

Electric Potential: Potential energy per unit charge (V = U/q). Electric Potential Energy: Energy a charge has due to its location in an electric field (U = qV).

A fundamental property of matter that can be positive or negative.

The law that quantifies the electrostatic force between two point charges: $$F = k frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$$

The work needed to move a charge between two points, measured in volts (V).

A region where a charge experiences a force; it's a vector field.

Electric potential is the potential energy per unit charge, a scalar quantity measured in volts (V).

A measure of the electric field passing through a given area: $$Phi_E = E cdot A = EA cos( heta)$$.

Relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge: $$oint E cdot dA = frac{Q_{enc}}{epsilon_0}$$.