What is the effect of bringing a positively charged object near a neutral conductor?
The electrons in the conductor will be attracted to the positive charge, causing polarization (separation of charge).
What happens when two objects with like charges are brought close together?
They repel each other with a force described by Coulomb's Law.
What is the effect of grounding an object during induction?
It allows charge to flow either into or out of the object, resulting in a permanent charge opposite to that of the inducing object.
What is the effect of increasing the distance between two charged objects?
The electrostatic force between them decreases (inversely proportional to the square of the distance).
What is the effect of increasing the magnitude of either charge in Coulomb's Law?
The electrostatic force between them increases (directly proportional to the product of the charges).
What are the steps for charging by friction?
1. Rub two neutral objects together. 2. Electrons transfer from one object to the other. 3. One object becomes positively charged, and the other becomes negatively charged.
What are the steps for charging by contact?
1. Bring a charged object into contact with a neutral object. 2. Charge is transferred between the objects. 3. Both objects end up with the same type of charge.
What are the steps for temporary charging by induction?
1. Bring a charged object near a neutral object (no contact). 2. Polarization occurs: like charges move away, opposite charges move closer within the neutral object. 3. Once the charged object leaves, the neutral object returns to its neutral state.
What are the steps for permanent charging by induction?
1. Bring a charged object near a neutral object (no contact). 2. Polarization occurs. 3. Ground the neutral object, allowing like charges to flow away. 4. Remove the ground. 5. Remove the charged object. 6. The neutral object is left with a charge opposite to the original charged object.
Define electric charge.
A fundamental property of matter that can be either positive or negative.
What is a Coulomb (C)?
The standard unit of electric charge.
Define elementary charge (e).
The magnitude of the charge of a single proton or electron, approximately 1.6 x 10^-19 C.
What are conductors?
Materials that allow electric charge to move freely through them.
What are insulators?
Materials that restrict the movement of electric charge.
Define Coulomb's Law.
A law stating that the electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of each charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
