1. Choose a Gaussian surface. 2. Calculate the electric flux through the surface. 3. Determine the enclosed charge. 4. Apply Gauss's Law: $\Phi_E = \frac{Q_{enc}}{\epsilon_0}$.

1. Identify the electric field $E$. 2. Identify the area $A$. 3. Calculate $\Phi = EA$.

1. Identify the electric field $E$. 2. Identify the area $A$. 3. Identify the angle $\theta$ between $E$ and $A$. 4. Calculate $\Phi = \vec{E} \cdot \vec{A} = EA \cos(\theta)$.

1. Choose a spherical Gaussian surface. 2. Calculate the flux: $\Phi = E(4\pi r^2)$. 3. Determine the enclosed charge $Q_{enc}$. 4. Apply Gauss's Law to find $E$.

1. Define the volume element $dV$. 2. Set up the integral: $q_{enc} = \int \rho(r) dV$. 3. Evaluate the integral to find $q_{enc}$.

1. Choose a Gaussian surface. 2. Calculate the electric flux through the surface. 3. Determine the enclosed charge. 4. Apply Gauss's Law to solve for the electric field.

1. Choose a spherical Gaussian surface. 2. Calculate flux: $\Phi = E(4\pi r^2)$. 3. Find enclosed charge. 4. Apply Gauss's Law: $E = \frac{Q_{enc}}{4\pi \epsilon_0 r^2}$.

1. Define the area vector. 2. Determine the electric field vector. 3. Calculate the dot product: $\Phi = \vec{E} \cdot \vec{A} = EA \cos(\theta)$.

1. Define the volume element $dV$. 2. Express charge density as function of position $\rho(r)$. 3. Integrate: $q_{enc} = \int \rho(r) dV$.

1. Define the path of integration. 2. Calculate the line integral: $V(r) = - \int_{\infty}^{r} \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{r}$.

1. Count electric field lines entering. 2. Count electric field lines exiting. 3. If entering = exiting, net flux = 0.

A measure of how much of an electric field passes through a given area.

The electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the enclosed charge.

An imaginary closed surface used to apply Gauss's Law.

A physical constant that relates the electric field to the electric charge that creates it.

The amount of electric charge per unit volume, area, or length.

The total charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface.