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What are the differences between a conductor and an insulator?
Conductor: High conductivity, many free electrons. Insulator: Low conductivity, few free electrons.
What are the differences between Capacitance and Charge?
Capacitance: A property of the capacitor. Charge: What the capacitor stores.
What are the differences between polar and non-polar dielectrics?
Polar dielectrics: Have permanent dipoles that align easily, increasing capacitance further. Non-polar dielectrics: Do not have permanent dipoles.
How do conductors and dielectrics differ in terms of their electrical properties?
Conductors: Have free electrons. Dielectrics: Polarize to reduce electric fields.
What is the definition of Conductivity?
How well a material conducts electricity; the opposite of resistance.
What is the definition of Capacitance?
A capacitor's ability to store charge. Measured in Farads (F).
What is the definition of Dielectric Constant (κ)?
How much a material can increase a capacitor's ability to store charge. Higher κ = more storage!
What is the definition of Electric Field?
The force field around a charged object. It's what makes charges move.
What is the definition of Breakdown Voltage?
The voltage at which an insulator becomes a conductor.
What is the definition of Polarization?
How a dielectric's molecules align in an electric field.
What is the definition of Resistance?
Opposition to current flow. Measured in Ohms (Ω).
What happens when a dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a capacitor?
Capacitance increases; voltage across the plates decreases (if charge is constant).
What happens when the temperature of a conductor increases?
Generally, conductivity decreases (resistance increases).
What happens when voltage applied to a capacitor exceeds the breakdown voltage of the dielectric?
The dielectric becomes conductive, leading to a short circuit.
What is the effect of increasing the area of the plates of a parallel plate capacitor?
The capacitance increases.
What is the effect of increasing the distance between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor?
The capacitance decreases.