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What are the differences between Ohmic and Non-Ohmic devices?

Ohmic: Constant resistance, linear V-I graph. Non-Ohmic: Resistance changes with voltage/current, non-linear V-I graph.

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What are the differences between Ohmic and Non-Ohmic devices?

Ohmic: Constant resistance, linear V-I graph. Non-Ohmic: Resistance changes with voltage/current, non-linear V-I graph.

What are the differences between series and parallel circuits?

Series: Single path for current; components are in a line. Parallel: Multiple paths for current; current divides between paths.

What is the difference between a Voltmeter and an Ammeter?

Voltmeter: Measures potential difference (voltage) in parallel; high internal resistance. Ammeter: Measures current in series; low internal resistance.

Define electric current (I).

The rate of charge flow, measured in Amperes (A). I = dQ/dt

Define drift velocity (v_d).

The average velocity of charge carriers (e.g., electrons) due to an electric field.

Define current density (J).

A vector quantity that relates current to the electric field and material properties. J = I/A = σE

Define resistance (R).

The opposition to current flow in a circuit, measured in Ohms (Ω).

Define resistivity (ρ).

A material property that describes how much it resists current flow.

Define electric power (P).

The rate at which electrical energy is used, measured in Watts (W). P = IV

What happens to the current in a circuit if the voltage is doubled, assuming resistance remains constant?

The current doubles (Ohm's Law: V = IR).

What happens to the resistance of a wire if its length is doubled?

The resistance doubles (R = ρL/A).

What happens to the resistance of a wire if its radius is doubled?

The resistance is reduced to one-fourth (R = ρL/A, A is proportional to r^2).

What happens to the total current in a circuit when a resistor is added in series?

The total current decreases because the total resistance increases.

What happens to the total current in a circuit when a resistor is added in parallel?

The total current increases because the total resistance decreases.