Difference between Biot-Savart Law and Ampรจreโs Law?
Biot-Savart: Calculates magnetic field from a small current segment, useful for complex geometries. | Ampรจreโs Law: Relates magnetic field around a closed loop to the enclosed current, useful for symmetrical situations.
Compare the force on a moving charge vs. a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.
Moving Charge: Force is on a single charge, F = q(v x B). | Current-Carrying Wire: Force is on the entire wire, F = ILBsinฮธ.
Define magnetic field.
A vector field that exerts a force on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials.
What are magnetic dipoles?
Entities that produce magnetic fields, always existing in pairs (north and south poles).
What is magnetic permeability?
A measure of how much a material can be magnetized in response to an external magnetic field.
Define vacuum permeability ($\mu_{0}$).
A constant representing the baseline for how easily a magnetic field can form in a vacuum.
What are ferromagnetic materials?
Materials (like iron, nickel, cobalt) that can be permanently magnetized due to aligned magnetic domains.
What are paramagnetic materials?
Materials (like aluminum, titanium, magnesium) weakly attracted to magnetic fields, with temporary dipole alignment.
What are diamagnetic materials?
Materials (all materials) weakly repelled by magnetic fields due to slight alignment of electron dipole moments opposite to the external field.
What is the effect of a charged particle moving perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field?
The particle undergoes cyclotron motion, moving in a circular path.
What happens to the magnetic field strength as you move further away from a long, straight current-carrying wire?
The magnetic field strength decreases.
What happens when the angle between a current-carrying wire and a magnetic field is 90 degrees?
The force on the wire is maximized.
