1. Point thumb in the direction of the current (I). 2. Point fingers in the direction of the magnetic field (B). 3. Palm points in the direction of the force (F).

1. Point thumb in the direction of the current (I). 2. Curl fingers; the direction of the curl indicates the direction of the magnetic field (B).

1. Determine the forces on each side of the loop using $\vec{F} = I \vec{L} \times \vec{B}$. 2. Calculate the torque produced by these forces. 3. Use $\tau = NIAB \sin(\theta)$ to find the total torque, where N is the number of turns, A is the area, and $\theta$ is the angle between the normal to the loop and the magnetic field.

1. Use RHCR to find the magnetic field created by one wire at the location of the other. 2. Use RHR to find the force on the second wire due to the magnetic field from the first wire. 3. Determine if the wires attract (parallel currents) or repel (anti-parallel currents).

Use the Right-Hand Curl Rule (RHCR). Point your thumb in the direction of the current, and your fingers will curl in the direction of the magnetic field.

1: Current direction, 2: Magnetic field direction, 3: Force direction.

1: Thumb (Current), 2: Fingers (Magnetic Field), 3: Palm (Force)

RHR: Determines force direction on a charge or wire. Thumb = current, Fingers = B-field, Palm = Force. | RHCR: Determines magnetic field direction around a wire. Thumb = current, Fingers curl = B-field.

Single Charge: Force on a single moving charge is given by $\vec{F} = q\vec{v} \times \vec{B}$. | Current-Carrying Wire: Force on a wire is a summation of forces on individual charges, given by $\vec{F} = I \vec{L} \times \vec{B}$.

Net Force: Always zero on a closed loop in a uniform B-field because forces cancel out. | Net Torque: Can be non-zero, causing the loop to rotate; depends on the orientation of the loop.

Magnetic Field: The magnetic field strength decreases with distance ($B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi r}$). | Force Between Wires: The force depends on both currents and the distance between them.

Parallel Currents: Wires attract each other due to the interaction of their magnetic fields. | Anti-Parallel Currents: Wires repel each other due to the interaction of their magnetic fields.