All Flashcards

Label the following diagram of Gravitational Force.

1: $m_1$ , 2: $m_2$ , 3: r, 4: F

Label the following diagram of Orbital Motion.

1: Central Body, 2: Orbiting Object, 3: Orbital Path

What happens when the distance between two objects increases?

The gravitational force between them decreases (inversely proportional to the square of the distance).

What happens when the mass of an object increases?

The gravitational force it exerts increases (directly proportional to the mass).

What happens when an object reaches escape velocity?

It breaks free from the gravitational pull of the celestial body.

What happens when the radius of an orbit increases?

The orbital velocity decreases, and the period of the orbit increases.

How do you calculate Gravitational Force?

Identify the masses of the two objects ( $m_1$ and $m_2$ ). 2. Determine the distance ( $r$ ) between the centers of the two objects. 3. Use the formula: $F = G rac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$ , where G is the gravitational constant ( $6.674 × 10^{-11} Nm^2/kg^2$ ).

How do you calculate Orbital Velocity (for circular orbit)?

Identify the mass ( $M$ ) of the object being orbited. 2. Determine the radius ( $r$ ) of the orbit. 3. Use the formula: $v = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}}$ , where G is the gravitational constant ( $6.674 × 10^{-11} Nm^2/kg^2$ ).

How do you calculate Escape Velocity?

Identify the mass ( $M$ ) of the celestial body. 2. Determine the radius ( $r$ ) of the celestial body. 3. Use the formula: $v_e = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r}}$ , where G is the gravitational constant ( $6.674 × 10^{-11} Nm^2/kg^2$ ).

How do you calculate the Period of an Orbit (for circular orbit)?

Determine the radius ( $r$ ) of the orbit. 2. Identify the mass ( $M$ ) of the object being orbited. 3. Use the formula: $T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{r^3}{GM}}$ , where G is the gravitational constant ( $6.674 × 10^{-11} Nm^2/kg^2$ ).